Budgets Essay Example for Free

Budgets Essay Essay Topic: Budgets Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints There are certain elements that are to be considered in studying and defining the budget, especially in the field of public administration. These elements include economic, political, and ideological concerns that affect the processes budget goes through. A fourth element that defines budget is societal concerns, which proves to be an important factor for the success of the budget. The budget is said to be economic such that it paints a picture where there is a supply and demand. The supply of funds available for the organization would likewise be met by a demand by its components. The scarcity in funds, as is mostly the situation for finite resources, results to the competition of the different departments for their share in the budget. On the other hand, the political and ideological concerns would mostly be found in the budget process as reflected by the final appropriations. The debate that it has to go through in the respective legislative bodies entails a political and ideological working where each actor would pursue their interests. The last component is the concern for societal welfare. A budget, no matter how big, if it is hounded by cold gigantic infrastructures is said to be a failure. It is important that behind every amount pursued for in the budget, there should be a corresponding impact on raising the quality of life of the people for whom it is intended for. The elements of the budget? economic, ideological, political, and societal? are important elements that play several important roles during the existence of the budget and will continue to serve their purpose to make an effective appropriation. Budgets. (2016, Oct 31).

Ethics and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Business - Essay Example Human induced climate change creates many ethical issues, which remains unaddressed. Although a few individual are responsible of inducing climate change, even those not involved in inducing it feel the effects of climate change across the globe. Climate change is an ethical issue since it entails exploitation of the environment. Additionally, adverse changes in climate are expected to cause disruptions in economic activities in the countries affected. Business organizations are thus supposed to take corporate social responsibility while conducting their activities. Climate change is responsible of causing health problems since it results in pollution. In accordance to business ethics, companies involved in causing pollution are supposed to undertake actions aimed at reducing climate change. The issue of social justice arises because different countries are responsible for differing levels of emission, which requires that the responsibility be divided unequally. This paper focuses on climate change as an ethical issue. The paper will discuss how climate change violates deontological and social justice principles. Additionally, the possible solution to climate change will be discusses from the perspective of the different moral frameworks. How Climate Change Violates Deontology Principles Deontology principles, classify actions as moral or immoral depending on whether the companies involved follow their duties. Climate change violates deontological principles because it threatens the life of both current and future generations. Companies are considered immoral if they contribute to climate change without adhering to their moral duties. Additionally, activities that contribute to climate change are morally wrong since they do not respect the rights of all humans. Causing climate change entails impinging upon the right of others. Companies that contribute in causing climate change violate deontological principles (Gardiner, et al., 2010). To reduce climate change, businesses and other corporates are supposed to work together with their governments towards reducing activities that cause climate change or finding ways to reduce the effects of climate. According deontology principles it is unethical for companies to block the government from implementing activities aimed at reducing climate change. According to views by deontologists, it is crucial that companies take responsibility of their action to avoid causing injuries to other institutions and individuals (Gardiner, et al., 2010). Emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are responsible for climate change, causes indirect injuries to persons. Since the problems related to climate change affect vulnerable individuals or groups, then all activities resulting in emission of the gases are ethically wrong and violate deontological principle. Companies contributing to climate change can be viewed as victimizing vulnerable individuals, which is morally bad and wrong (Gardiner , et al., 2010). Solutions in Accordance with Deontological Framework Different countries contribute differently towards climate change. This is because they emit varying amongst of greenhouse gases. Deontology framework is an appropriate way of addressing the issue of climate change. Deontology principles require that companies share the burden and costs of climate change. However, it would be unfair for all companies or countries to share the burden equally. International negotiation should thus be based on the

Criminal justice system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal justice system - Assignment Example Thirdly, they both have a privilege against self-incrimination. Fourthly, both the juvenile and the adult have a right to notice of the charges in court. Nevertheless, both adult and juvenile offenders have the right to receive the Miranda warnings. During the court process, they both receive equal protection of their rights (Harry & Dammer, 2010). Finally, in both systems, before a can be convicted of any crimes, there must be a proof of unreasonable doubt that the person committed the crimes or the delinquent acts (Harry & Dammer, 2010). There are numerous comparisons between the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system. On the first note, the juvenile justice system is a characteristic of the criminal justice system. Juveniles are charged in civil proceedings and receive no criminal record unlike the adults who are charged in a criminal proceeding and on being find guilt are forced to carry a criminal record of one’s adult life. Juvenile court proceedin gs are carried out in an informal way whereas, in an adult criminal justice system, court proceedings are carried out in a formal manner (Harry & Dammer, 2010). There are many significant differences that exist between the juvenile justice system and the adult justice system (Harry & Dammer, 2010). In the juvenile justice system, the primary and viable goal is the rehabilitation, community protection and treatment of the individual. In a criminal justice system, punishment is the primary focus.... Another difference is the accessibility of records and proceedings. There is private public access to juvenile records and confidential court proceedings in a juvenile court unlike in the adult criminal court where criminal records and court proceedings are open to the public (Harry & Dammer, 2010). Also, in a juvenile system, a juvenile offender faces a hearing which is based on both his social history and legal factors whereas, in a criminal justice system, defendants are put on trial based on legal factors. Referring to public jury trial, the juveniles have no right to a jury trial unlike in the case adult criminal justice where defendants have a right to a public jury trial (Harry & Dammer, 2010). On the other hand, juveniles are persecuted for delinquent whereas defendants in a criminal court are judged as either innocent or guilty. In cases where the delinquent acts are serious, they might be considered as crimes and the juvenile will be tried in the adult courts (Harry & Damme r, 2010). There are some important differences between the juvenile and the adult justice systems that protect the offenders. For example, in the juvenile courts the nature of the offense and age is taken into consideration (Harry & Dammer, 2010). By considering these factors, a juvenile is protected from being tried as an adult in the adult courts. Similarly, in juvenile courts, parole is based primarily on surveillance only whereas in an adult criminal justice, parole is based on monitoring of illicit behaviors and surveillance (Harry & Dammer, 2010). The juvenile justice system is different from the adult criminal justices because in the juvenile courts,